Wednesday, September 14, 2011

Receiving Christ (Ron Bailey)

RECEIVING CHRIST
Ron Bailey 2004

The phrase has become one of the most familiar in contemporary evangelical Christianity, but what does it mean? In most evangelical groups it has come to mean a personal response to the gospel. In evangelistic meetings or personal evangelism the enquirer is encouraged to make a response to a small subset of Bible doctrines often referred to as the gospel. These are sometimes reduced to 4 steps, the concept being that agreement with these truths and the praying of a simple prayer of confession and commitment effects a transaction in which the enquirer ‘receives Christ’. I came this way, as have many thousands of others. It was a starting place and not to be dishonoured. Every genuine response to God is of vital importance and not to be mocked.

It may come as a surprise to some reading this that this concept of ‘the gospel’ and of ‘receiving Christ’ was the product of the evangelistic campaigns of the 20th Century. This pattern of evangelism has no roots in the history of the Church as we read in the Acts, nor is it in any other part of the New Testament. “But it can be a real help” says the objector. Yes, it may. The purpose of these thoughts is not to undermine or attack any. My anxieties lie in the fact that counsellors or personal workers may ‘go through the motions’ and then declare that the seeker has ‘received Christ’. This then becomes like a Catholic sacrament which is effectual as long as it is in accordance with a pattern.

As a point of reference let’s think about pre-20th Century patterns. Some churches whose traditions go back to the turn of that century may still have what is called an ‘after-meeting’. The idea was that people who had heard the truth and knew they must respond were able to withdraw from the main church service into a more private room where they could pray. Their praying was not the repetition of a ‘sinner’s prayer’ but confession of conscious sin and prayer for personal forgiveness. It some traditions ‘helpers’ would pray by the side of the ‘seekers’ until the seeker was assured that God had heard their cry and forgiven their sin. In the language of Paul in Galatians, they prayed ‘until faith came’. It is interesting to read the histories of these times. Where a contemporary account would have “12 received Christ” those older records would say “12 found peace in believing” or “12 sought forgiveness in prayer” or “12 were comforted”.

Sometimes the struggles of the ‘seeker’ could be alleviated by an occasional word of direction from a ‘helper’ pointing them to Christ Himself or to a word of promise. Later this spontaneous ‘help’ became more formalised in ‘counselling techniques’ which led the seeker through a prescribed list of Bible verses which brought them to the place of understanding and enabled them to pray the ‘sinner’s prayer’. It was much more efficient than spending hours in prayer, apparently.The Bible verses used in this formalisation often included a few verses from the gospel according to John. He came unto his own, and his own received him not. But as many as received him, to them gave he power to become the sons of God, even to them that believe on his name: Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God. (Joh 1:11-13 KJV) Seekers were then encouraged not to follow the pattern of the Jews of that time, but to follow the pattern of those who ‘received Him’. The counselling format became the means of ‘accepting Him’ and the consequential blessings which followed. The reasoning was ‘they received Christ’ and become ‘sons of God’; so you may ‘receive Christ’ and ‘become a son of God’. The pattern spread and became the norm for evangelical Christianity; to follow the counselling pattern was to ‘receive Christ’.

It became such an integral part of contemporary Christianity that to just ask questions about this methodology was to risk being labelled ‘non-evangelical’. Is that true? Not at all, but as John’s gospel is so often used in this context I will try to unpack some of these key verses so that rather than importing our practice into scripture we examine the scripture itself to see how we should behave and what we might expect.

John’s first chapter, as we have it now, is a wonderful introduction to his record and several themes begin here which can be traced through the remainder of the book. He introduces us to the person of the Word who was already present with God at the beginning of all things. He goes on to say that this Word became flesh i.e. human. As well as being an introduction it also contains a little summary of the impact of the Word, Jesus of Nazareth, upon the world that He entered, and of the response of that world to His presence. This response is detailed in a few sentences. That was the true Light, which lighteth every man that cometh into the world. He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not. He came unto his own, and his own received him not. (Joh 1:9-11 KJV) John is actually describing three concentric circles; we will follow his account.

He came, says John, into the world as the True Light. In the earlier verses he had carefully made the point that John Baptist was not the True Light, but a witness to it. The ideas in this section have to do with God’s witnesses. John was a witness, but the Word, Christ, was The Witness. He was the ‘Real Light’. How did the world that He entered respond to that Light? The answer came a little earlier; That light shines in the darkness, yet the darkness did not overcome it. (Joh 1:5 HCSB) There is a definite sense of conflict in this verse. The Light, which continues to shine, was not overcome by darkness. It hints at a concerted effort of the darkness to extinguish The Witness of the Light as it entered our world. (You can see how deep this idea goes in the Appendix 1: The Witness)

In the later verses this conflict is spelled out more precisely. He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not. The Greek word behind ‘knew’ is ‘ginoskO’; it is used in many different ways. It is often used in the sense of ‘recognition’; For every tree is known by his own fruit. For of thorns men do not gather figs, nor of a bramble bush gather they grapes. (Luk 6:44 KJV) and again... he was known of them in breaking of bread. (Luk 24:35 KJV) It means much more than acquiring information. The world did not ‘recognise’ Him. Was this ignorance or defiance? We sometimes use this kind of language when we say that ‘one state does not recognise another’. This is not ignorance but a settled determination to refuse specific status to another country. There may be something of that feel here too. He who created the world was in the world but His creation refused to recognise his person and authority. The world refuses to recognise His status as the Light; the True Witness. That is the widest of our concentric circles, now we can focus more precisely.

The world would ultimately not only refuse to recognise the Light but would actually attempt to extinguish it. There was one place however that God had been specially preparing; His own land . He came to His own, and those who were His own did not receive Him. (Joh 1:11 NASB) The NASB here has tried to show the distinction in the original, literally ‘He came to His own things, and His own people did not receive Him’. He came to His own things... Later He told a story with a terrible punch line; But when the husbandmen saw the son, they said among themselves, This is the heir; come, let us kill him, and let us seize on his inheritance. (Mat 21:38 KJV) This was the heir coming into His inheritance, the fulfilment of all the prophecies and rituals. This was His land, leased to His servants. This was true of the whole world but especially true of this place and time. Another version translates it; He came to his own home, and his own people received him not. (Joh 1:11 RSVA) Surely if all the world rejected Him there would be one place He could call home, where He would be welcomed? This was the next of our concentric circles and now we come to the innermost core.

They had been chosen for this; delivered from bondage in Egypt, joined in Covenant with God, entrusted with the oracles of God, served by judges and prophets and kings. All was lost in successive deportations which took the whole nation into exile. In the mercy of God a tiny remnant was restored to their land and given a new start; the prodigal nation. Super powers rose and fell. The Babylonian exile severed their dependence on the Temple and made them people of the Book. The Greek empire of Alexander and his successors gave them the tools for world evangelism and put the Book into the lingua franca of the day. The Roman Empire tamed the piracy of the Mediterranean, built thousands of miles of roads along which the gospel could speed, and guaranteedopenaccesstotheirwholeempire. And when the fullness of the time was come, God sent forth His Son, made of a woman, made under the law, to redeem them that were under the law... (Gal 4) ...and his own people received him not. 

As the word ‘receive’ is important to this topic we will pause to make it as clear as we can. In this first instance in John 1:11 the original word is ‘paralambanO’. It means ‘to take to oneself, to associate with,’ Literally, the word means to ‘take to one’s side’. The negating of this then becomes ostracism. John only uses it twice, the second time will give us some idea of what the kind of ‘reception’ the word has in mind; And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come again, and receive you unto myself; that where I am, there ye may be also. (Joh 14:3 KJV) You will see immediately that John does not have a passive reception in mind. Can you imagine the kind of welcome He has in store for us? That was the kind of ‘reception’ that might have been expected by His own people but His own people did not receive Him. The first time this particular word is used in the New Testament is also significant; But while he thought on these th ings, behold, the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife: for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost. (Mat 1:20 KJV) Joseph was to take her to his side and recognise her as his very own.

This is not passive acceptance, but a deep personal commitment that places the person by the side of the one who has welcomed him. This,however, His people refused Him. The three concentric circles had no room for Him, but John then introduces another group that is defined not by space or geography or culture but by their right response to the Light.
This group is defined by the phrase ‘as many as received Him’. In his account of the gospel John will show how this group crosses every other barrier. It will include Jews and Samaritans, rich and poor, male and female. Its own defining criterion is that they ‘received Him’. In what sense did the ‘receive Him?’ If we follow the line of John’s thinking it will become plain. The preceding verses have had the Light in mind. John has carefully distinguished the Light from John who came to bear witness to the Light.

Later Christ was to call John a ‘lamp’; not the endless source but a local reservoir of illumination. It is this True Light that the world refused to recognise, and the Light that His own people refused to own. The gospel according to John is a life history of that Light. You may trace the story at your leisure; Joh 1:4-9; 3:19-21; Joh 5:35; Joh 8:12; Joh 9:5; Joh 11:9; Joh 11:10; Joh 12:35; Joh 12:36; Joh 12:46. It is a central point of John’s writings and appears again in John’s first letter; 1Jo 1:5; 1Jo 1:7-9; 1Jo 2:10.

The second section (John 3:19-21) of John’s gospel is very significant. It follows o n from the statement that the purpose of God’s sending of His Son into the world was not in order to ‘judge’ but to ‘save’. John goes on to say that the one ‘believing’ on Him is not judged: but the one ‘not believing’ on Him has already been judged as a result of his refusal to believe in the name of the only begotten Son of God. God’s judgement then is based on the attitude of men and women to His Son. This must imply a meeting with Christ. It is not the idea or doctrine of Christ we are reading of here, but the person of Christ.

This is part of the most famous part of the Bible and the ‘golden text’; For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have everlasting life. (Joh 3:16 KJV) This is probably the best loved text in the Bible but even the best texts can become dangerous if detached from their context. For example, this single verse speaks of ‘believing’ but the kind of believing it has in mind can only be discovered by reading the preceding verses. ‘Believing’ here does not mean agreeing with facts as is usually the case in contemporary counselling patterns. The kind of ‘believing’ that John has in mind is the kind experienced by people in a unique situation; And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of man be lifted up: That whosoever believeth in him should not perish, but have eternal life.(Joh3:14-15 KJV) In other words, the kind of believing that John has in mind is the kind found in Numbers 21.

The nation of Israel had sinned and the consequence of their sin was a plagueoffieryvenomoussnakes. ThecontextissoimportantthatIwillgive the whole section here; And Jehovah sent fiery serpents among the people, and they bit the people; and much people of Israel died. And the people came to Moses, and said, We have sinned, because we have spoken against Jehovah, and against thee; pray unto Jehovah, that he take away the serpents from us. And Moses prayed for the people. And Jehovah said unto Moses, Make thee a fiery serpent, and set it upon a standard: and it shall come to pass, that every one that is bitten, when he seeth it, shall live. And Moses made a serpent of brass, and set it upon the standard: and it came to pass, that if a serpent had bitten any man, when he looked unto the serpent of brass, he lived. (Num 21:6-9 ASV)

These people are not just sick or inconvenienced, they are dying and they know it. They also know why they are dying “we have sinned”. Conviction of sin is a work of God’s Spirit. They had not been persuaded of the facts of the case by an evangelist they knew it. In fact, they took the initiative, they came to Moses. This is much more like New Testament evangelism where theappealcomesfromthecongregationratherthanthepreacher. Theyare desperate in their plea; this sounds much more like those old ‘after meetings’ too.

They are also narrowed down to a single solution; “pray unto Jehovah, that hetakeawaytheserpentsfromus.” Theyknowthattherearenotvarious options but only one possible solution; God must intervene. This is also much more like those old ‘after meetings’. They are seeking a salvation that only God can provide. If God does not move on their behalf they are dead men. Currently their focus is upon the snakes; that must change.

Moses does as they ask and God commands him to make a fiery snake of brass and to erect it on a standard/pole. There is only to be one brass snake and it must be ‘lifted up’ on a standard so that it was in sight of everyone who had been bitten. What a vivid picture this presents. I have a beautiful colour print by Harold Copping in an old Bible. I can’t look at without weeping but let me see if I can describe it to you.

The tents of Israel spread out into the hazy distance. The scene is chaotic, people rushing out of their tents, some running, some standing . As in any panic it is difficult to make out quite what is happening. Or it would be if it were not for a tent in the foreground which is much closer and has its own tragedy unfolding. In the doorway of the tent there is a young man; face down in the sand, a snake is wriggling over his arm and on its way to the next victim. There’s an old man in the doorway, with white hair and beard, his attention is not on any of the chaos around him but is fixed on the horizon where a man holds a wooden stake with single crosspiece; it has a brass snake coiled around it.

There are others in the doorway of the tent; a man and his wife are frantically trying to rouse a young man who looks to be the brother of the snake’s other victim. The mother is cradling her teenage son in her arms, his eyes are closed; her face is pale with grief. The father is fear crazed; his eyes show white as he is tries desperately to rouse his young son from his coma. His face strains to see any signs of life in his son, and his left hand points backwards to the horizon where the brass snake coils around the stake. There are no words, but I know what he is saying; “Look and li ve... look and live”.

Young’s Literal Translation does well to catch the sense of the verbs; And Moses maketh a serpent of brass, and setteth it on the ensign, and it hath been, if the serpent hath bitten any man, and he hath looked expectingly unto the serpent of brass--he hath lived. (Num 21:9 YLT) A paraphrase might say; any man looking away from everything else and putting his whole trust in the snake on the pole, lived. This not just a wonderful story, this is a definition of ‘believing’ as used by John in John 3:16. God so loved the world that He gave His only Son so that any man, looking away from everything else and putting his whole trust in a Man upon a cross, should not perish but have everlasting life. This is John’s desperate cry to all who ha ve been bitten, and that is the whole race, “Look and live... look and live”.

It is delivered to men and women who know that we have sinned and that there is no other remedy unless God takes away the snakes. I said earlier that men’s focus must not remain upon their own condition or even its cause; not the bite and not the poison eating its way through their lives, but upon the one ‘lifted up’. It is the truth often repeated by Amy Carmichael; upon a life I have not lived, upon a death I did not die; upon another’s life, another’s death, I stake my whole eternity. That’s what the Bible means by ‘believing’.

The man who hears and will not look is judged already. This is the judgement, says John, that Light is come into the world and men loved darknessratherthanLight,becausetheirdeedswereevil. Thejudgement then is because of choices that have been made; not by Adam, but by those who do not come to the Light. Christ’s life and words constantly bore witness to the nature of His Father and the nature of men. To those who will embrace the pain of the Light and will accept God’s judgement on their deeds come to the Light and learn how to live there; This then is the message which we have heard of him, and declare unto you, that God is light, and in him is no darkness at all. If we say that we have fellowship with him, and walk in darkness, we lie, and do not the truth: But if we walk in the light, as he is in the light, we have fellowship one with another, and the blood of Jesus Christ his Son cleanseth us from all sin. (1Jo 1:5-7 KJV) The effectiveness of Christ’s cleansing sacrifice is linked inseparably to ‘walking in the light and He is in the light’.

Christ is Light, The Witness, and men’s responses to His Witness determine their destiny. The contrast that John makes in the section under examination is important to note. For every one that doeth evil hateth the light, neither cometh to the light, lest his deeds should be reproved. But he that doeth truth cometh to the light, that his deeds may be made manifest, that they are wrought in God. (Joh 3:20-21 KJV) The contrast is not as we might have expected between ‘doing evil’ and ‘doing good’, but between ‘doing evil’ and ‘doing truth’. John’s focus is on honesty not personal merit. The Light entered and its beams disturbed the dust of darkness. Men either scuttled back into the shadow or came to the Light.
It is Christ as the Light, God’s Witness, that those earlier references in John were addressing. Those who received His testimony, received Him as the Light and the experience was open to ‘as many as’. The ending of the third chapter gathers the themes together; He that cometh from above is above all: he that is of the earth is earthly, and speaketh of the earth: he that cometh from heaven is above all. And what he hath seen and heard, that he testifieth; and no man receiveth his testimony. He that hath received his testimony hath set to his seal that God is true. (Joh 3:31-33 KJV) To set to his seal, is to give personal recognition, approval and full hearted consent to The Witness. It is the Amen of the whole of a man’s life to God’s revelation of Himself in Christ. 

We are not speaking of mental assent to doctrinal statement. Let me illustrate, for almost 60 years ago now I have believed that the Rolls Royce is the finest car in the world; I received this truth from my father, and I have never waivered in my faith. This belief, however, has never had the slightest impact upon my life. I have lived a life untouched by this truth I have believed. Biblical truth is different, and the Light which shines still in the person of Christ is not a matter of mental agreement but personal commitment; the of putting all the eggs in to one basket. Thereare no Plan B’s or contingencies; either He who was lifted high is my only Saviour, or I am lost. Either He is the Faithful and True Witness or I am lost. To those who received His Witness a door opened...The words translated ‘received’ in John 1:11, and John 1:12 are different even though they have links. Let’s dig a little deeper. Greek has two main words for ‘receive’.

1. dechomai: means to receive, but in a passive sense. The imagery might be of the outstretched open hand. The gift must be placed into the open hand which ‘receives’ it. Perhaps a suitable English word would be ‘accept’.

2. lambanO: means to receive, but in an active sense. Strong’s Dictionary compares the words by saying it means to take (in very many applications, literally and figuratively [probably objective or active, to get hold of; whereas dechomai is rather subjective or passive, to have offered to one; while lambanO is more violent, to seize or remove.

3. paralambanO:ismadeupofpara,byortotheside,andlambanO. Thayer gives its meaning as
1) to take to, to take with one’s self, to join to one’s self 1a) an associate, a companion
1b) metaphorically, to accept or acknowledge one to be such as heprofessestobe. nottoreject,nottowithholdobedience


The essence is that the basic word lambanO means to take hold of, to grip. Let’s try that in our key verse; As many as took hold of Him to them He gave authority to become... How different the sense is to the passive ‘accepting Christ as Saviour’. One is passive condescension, the other is proactive ownership. There is ano ther key feature of this verse which has been obscured by contemporary personal counselling. This verse may not say what you think it says.
The presumption in much contemporary evangelistic activity is that a response, followed by counselling and the ‘sinner’s prayer’ guarantees new birth, and they say, this verse proves it. Even when we have redefined ‘receive’ to make it clear that this means much more than ‘decision for Christ’ there is more to examine. Perhaps the presumptions come partly from the King James Version pattern of translating two quite different Greek words by one English word; the one English word is ‘power’, and people love the sound of it. The word here translated ‘power’ is not dunamis meaning inherent power or ability, empowering, but the word exousia meaning to be lawful, or authorised. A law-officer has exousia, and it he can hold up the traffic. A weigh-lifter has dunamis, and he can lift up the law-officer. But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, even to those who believe in His name, (Joh 1:12 NASB) The consequence of men and women receiving His testimony as the Light was that it qualified them for the next stage of their pilgrimage. Receiving His testimony was a necessary event which gave them ‘the right’ to become children of God. However, it takes more than exousia/permission to make a child of God; it would require the dunamis/inward power to that. At this stage John is really only referring to the ‘right to become’ rather than the dynamic which reconstitutes men and women as children of God.

We might paraphrase these verses... John was not the Light, but was sent in order to bear witness about the Light. He was the Real Light, coming into the word and enlightening every man. He was in the world, and the world was made by Him, but the world would not recognise Him. He came to His own inheritance, but His own people rejected Him. But to as many as reached out and took hold of Him, to them he gave the right to become God’s children; God’s children who were not born from a bloodline, nor from natural origins, nor from man’s determined purpose, but whose origin was God.
The question is ‘do men and women become children of God as a result of receiving the testimony of Christ?’ Becoming a ‘child of God’ or as the next verses expresses it ‘being born... of God’ is not accomplished simply by agreeing with God’s Witness. Such agreement is absolutely necessary but not sufficient, of itself, to effect regeneration. Regeneration is God’s own work and He alone can testify to its accomplishment. This is part of the weakness of the modern evangelistic format that it puts the work of ‘testifying/bearing witness’ into the hands of a helper; God will not delegate this work.

The process of regeneration, if we dare call it that, appears later in John’s gospel with a warning disclaimer; The wind blows where it wishes and you hear the sound of it, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going; so is everyone who is born of the Spirit. (Joh 3:8 NASB) That is to say man or woman, or counselling helper, who thinks they can pin this moment down is fooling himself. The wind, of course, can really only be described by its effects. It is a heavenly action with earthly consequences; Jesus replied, "I tell you for certain that you must be born from above before you can see God's kingdom!" (Joh 3:3 CEV) This is expanding the simple statement ‘born... of God’ used in John 1:13.

The miracle of regeneration was to be accomplished by He who comes ‘from above’. Nicodemus, the person on the other end of this conversation in John 3, was a recognised ‘teacher of Israel’. I suggest you regard him as the best man in the Bible! He was not accused of hypocrisy, nor any sin. His coming to Jesus was an act of self-humbling; the older rabbi attending the younger. He has recognised the uniqueness of Christ’s work and, unlike some of his fellow Pharisees, identifies it as God-given. I suspect we only have the bare bones of the conversation here, although enough to suit God’s purpose in preserving the record. This is a man who from his earliest days has endeavoured to live as he should; I doubt that men come much better than Nicodemus. It was this ‘best of men’ to whom Jesus stated this spiritual axiom; you must be born from above.

This ‘you must be born from above’ must not be seen as a responsibility laid upon Nicodemus, as though the Lord had said ‘you must get yourself born from above’. It was a statement of spiritual fact which applied to Nicodemus as much as to any man, even thought he was the best. If this has been a burden to you, let me express it as plainly as I can. “you must be born from above” is not a command, it is a statement of fact. First the pronoun ‘you’ is plural in the original, so this was not addressed uniquely to Nicodemus the individual, secondly the pronoun is ‘emphatic’. This gives the sense of ‘it is necessary for all of you that you be born from above’. Not only Nicodemus, but ‘all of you’ is the range of the statement. The KJV’s ‘must’ which makes it sound like a command is the Greek word ‘dei’ which simply means it is absolutely necessary. Sometimes the street preacher quotes this verse as though it were the listener’s responsibility, but you can no more make a man responsible for his heavenly birth than you can for his earthly birth.

We must not lay the burden of being ‘born from above’ upon the shoulders of the seeker or the person listening to the preaching; it is not man’s responsibility but God’s. What does God require of me? that I achieve ‘birth from above? Not at all. God requires that I believe His Witness, that I receive Christ in His office of Witness. This will open the door to God’s work; to as many as received Him (the Witness) to them He gave the right to become children of God. Well, you might say, how can a person be sure that they have been born from above? This truth is captured in the phrase ‘the witness of the Spirit’. Notice we are back into the realms of a witness. Modern contemporary evangelistic counselling relies on a linking of Bible texts to convince the seeker of their regeneration. This is what A W Tozer inveighed against when he accused evangelicalism of ‘substituting logical deductions drawn from proof texts’ for the true Biblical doctrine of the Witness of the Spirit. Let’s see how our ‘expert witness’ explains this.

This is a long passage which I will put in the words of the American Standard Version, as it avoids some technical difficulties with this passage, but mainly because it consistently uses the word ‘witness’ and shows the flow of ideas much more clearly as a result. And it is the Spirit that beareth witness, because the Spirit is the truth. For there are three who bear witness, the Spirit, and the water, and the blood: and the three agree in one. If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater: for the witness of God is this, that he hath borne witness concerning his Son. He that believeth on the Son of God hath the witness in him(self): he that believeth not God hath made him a liar; because he hath not believed in the witness that God hath borne concerning his Son. And the witness is this, that God gave unto us eternal life, and this life is in his Son. He that hath the Son hath the life; he that hath not the Son of God hath not the life. These things have I written unto you, that ye may know that ye have eternal life, even unto you that believe on the name of the Son of God. (1Jo 5:7-13 ASV) The repetition of the noun and verb ‘witness’ is very powerful. John opened his gospel by declaring that the Word was the True Light; God’s revelation of Himself to His world. Now he says the Spirit is Truth. The mutual witness to the Persons within the godhead by the Persons of the godhead is and undergirding of the truth of Trinity.

It is the indwelling Holy Spirit alone who can bear witness to the believer. Others may give their opinions, and we may even have our own opinion, but the last word must belong to God Himself; If we receive the witness of men, the witness of God is greater. These verses are closely linked. God has borne witness to His Son. Those uniquely commissioned as eye -witnesses have borne witness to the Son; John is one of them. The Holy Spirit bears witness to the Son. The Holy Spirit bears witness to true faith in the heart of the believer. There are no human uncertainties here. The ‘one believing into the Son of God’ has the witness within him. This is how I may know... I will know. The Spirit himself beareth witness with our spirit, that we are children of God: (Rom 8:16 ASV).

There is an interesting post-script to this in one of Paul’s letters. To the Colossians, whom he had never met, he wrote; As ye have therefore receivedChristJesustheLord,sowalkyeinhim:(Col2:6KJV)he uses the word paralambanO that we met in John 1:11 of His own people who refused to ‘welcome’ Him. How could Paul make this statement of people that he had never met? He had received information from a reliable source that certain things were ‘true’; ...ye heard before in the word of the truth of the gospel; Which is come unto you, as it is in all the world; and bringeth forth fruit, as it doth also in you, since the day ye heard of it, and knew the grace of God in truth: (Col 1:5-6 KJV) They had believed the witness of those who had preached the gospel to them, and had come to know the truth of God... for themselves... in truth. To these who have started well Paul says ‘carry on’. The pattern does not change. We begin by acknowledging God’s Word to us, we progress by continually receiving that same Word, and ‘walking in Him’.

Wednesday, September 7, 2011

UNANIMITY by G. H. Lang

UNANIMITY
THE DIVINE METHOD OF CHURCH GOVERNMENT
by G. H. Lang


To my fellow-believers in our Lord Jesus Christ gathered
in Church fellowship at Unity Chapel, Bristol.

BELOVED FRIENDS,

In accordance with the resolution passed at a recent meeting, I have here set forth my views upon the question we have been lately discussing, namely, Whether the Word of God gives the sanction of the Lord to the practice of deciding upon matters coming before us as a church by a vote of a majority of the members present ; or whether the Lord through His Word, does not rather teach and exhort us to defer our decision until one undivided mind and judgment is arrived at.

My own conviction, as explained to you, is that the latter course is the scriptural method ; and some of my reasons for this and objections to the former course are these :-

  1. Considering that the Church of God occupies the responsible office of visibly representing before the world the kingdom of the Lord Jesus, so that worldly men judge of Him according to that which they see in us, it is manifestly of the utmost importance that, before carrying out any proposed action, we should make as sure as can possibly be that the course proposed is a right and proper one, and well pleasing unto Him whose will we seek to do. Now experience has abundantly shewn that the minority is frequently in the right, and the majority in the wrong ; and it is therefore manifest that the vote of a majority is at best a very uncertain means of deciding as to what is right and advisable ; and if this be so in human affairs, with which men may be supposed to have some fair acquaintance and experience, it will be much more so in divine matters affecting the kingdom of God, with which things we have no natural acquaintance whatever. 

    And that we shall in these latter concerns be yet more likely to fail to arrive at a knowledge of His will by such an uncertain method as is now in question, will be yet more clearly seen if it be the case, as I shall hope to show, that so far from having engaged to make known to the Church His wishes by this plan of voting, the Lord has the rather promised to reveal His will by and through the bringing of His people to an unanimous judgment. 

    Considering the vast importance, both for the glorifying of His name and for the blessing of men, that attaches to the doings of His people ; and considering also that we cannot as a church be at all sure of doing that which shall glorify Him and be for the good of our fellows unless we have His directions, it appears to me it would have been very strange, had He left no more sure method of learning His will and receiving His directions than this very uncertain plan of acting according to the view of the majority only of those considering the matter at issue. 

    A special likelihood of our making greater errors in things concerning the heavenly kingdom than in the things of this world arises from the sad fact that we are often, alas, so very carnally and so little spiritually-minded that divine things are but slowly apprehended by us. This is manifestly a great reason for the more carefully going over in our minds any matter, and taking a longer time to consider it than it would be needful for us to take were we discussing the same matter in a merely secular relationship ; but it is undeniable that matters decided by a majority present can almost invariably be disposed of when first discussed, because, should there be an equal number for and against, the person presiding, being given an extra or casting vote, can make a majority immediately. I cannot but think that, amongst other reasons, it is to guard against the mistakes inevitably arising from this too frequent haste that the Lord wishes us, as I believe He does, to defer our decision and continue our conference until unanimity is reached. At least, it seems to me to be clear that a method which is as likely to lend to a wrong as it is to guide to a right decision cannot be a divine method, and ought not to be followed by those possessing the divine nature, and therefore capable of having the mind of Christ (2 Pet. 1:4, 1 Cor. 2:16), in whose workings mistakes are unknown.
  2. A second and very serious objection is that this plan is eminently calculated to lead to dissension both secret and public ; a truth with which any who have had much experience on the subject must, I fear, be sadly familiar. Can anything be thought of as more likely to stir up contention and cause disaffection than that a section of the church should have their wishes and, possibly their sincere convictions as to what is for the good of the work, rejected and shelved by there being another section of the church, with no greater advantage or claim than that of being slightly stronger in numbers, who have different opinions ? 
  3. Here, also, I urge that a method at all calculated or even likely to cause disagreement and possibly open division, cannot be of that God who is "not a God of confusion, but of peace," (1 Cor. 14:33). 



  1. But when nothing is done till one judgment is come to, everyone is pleased with that which is done ; and so discord and disunion are averted, while concord and union and strengthened, bringing spiritual blessing to the whole community.
  2. It will doubtless be agreed that, seeing that we pray, "Lead us not into temptation," a method which tends to so lead us cannot be of God, who delivers us from the Evil One. But given a brother possessed of an ardent and honest conviction that the plan he proposes is right and good, does not the method now under discussion present very manifest and severe temptations to him unseemly conduct ? He has every inducement to "pack" the meeting, by secretly urging those who think with him to be present in force, rather than leaving it to the Lord to bring together those who it is known to Him are qualified to deal with the particular matter to be discussed. He is tempted by vehemence in argument to gain other adherents to his own view, rather than by patient reflection to submit his judgment to the Lord. In his eagerness to gain a majority of votes he is more likely to be anxious to persuade others by his reason than he is to be willing to be persuaded by what they may say, even though they may speak with the mind of the Lord. 

  3. Now the fact that such temptations as these do beset us, and that not infrequently brethren fall under their power, as the result of a desire to obtain a majority of members on their side, at once leads me to question whether the method giving rise thereto can be of the Lord. 

    On the other hand, the first temptation--that to "pack" a meeting--is absolutely banished by the necessity for entire accord, and the other two, if not entirely removed, are very much weakened in force ; while the desire on the part of all to give up their private views, if needful, and to arrive at the mind of the Lord, as the only possible means of reaching an unanimous judgment, is very much increased. 

    In short, the one method appears likely to lead me to press forward my views (possibly honestly believing them to be right and best) ; the other to necessitate my carefully waiting upon the Lord for His views.
  4. The fourth objection I submit is as follows. In Romans 14, verses 4 and 5, 1 Cor. 12:12-27, Ephesians 4:11-16, and other scriptures, the Church is compared to, and its relationship to Christ illustrated by, the human body. Of this spiritual body each believer is individually a member, while the Lord Jesus is the head of the whole body. The more this analogy is prayerfully studied, the more it will be seen to be the most perfect comparison the divine wisdom of God has presented to us to illustrate the working of the Church. 

    Very little thought is required to see two things concerning the human body--(a) that it is not the members that plan and will and control the body ; these functions are vested solely in the head, it being the duty and beauty of the members to recognise and respond to the impulses and directions of the head : (b) that any back of unity and harmony in the co-operation of the members in doing the will of the head indicates a measure of disease in those members where the failure is found ; as, for instance, if one arm or hand fails to co-operate with the other for the completing of a desired piece of handiwork, it is clear that the member has become more or less independent of the head. 

    Now, when this latter state is reached, the proper and hopeful course to take is patiently to resort to such means as will result in the restoration of the undisputed control of the head ; and so when it is found in the church that there is a divergence of opinion upon a matter connected with the church life and work, the proper plan to adopt is by patience and prayer to wait for the whole body to be again brought under the control of the Lord and into united judgment and action. It is true this is sometimes found impossible in the human body, and means have to be taken to prevent the diseased member from taking any part in the working of the body and from injuriously affecting other members ; yet this necessity does not interfere with the remaining members still unitedly submitting to the head : so likewise is it true that sometimes a believer so far ceases to submit to the Lord as to necessitate his being similarly dealt with and prevented from leading astray other believers, either by the Lord laying him aside by sickness, or by removing him by death (1 Cor. 11:30), or by the church, at the direction of the Lord, taking the needful steps to prevent the offender further obstructing the work of the Lord ; but here also this does not hinder the remaining members from cordially and undividedly submitting to the Lord. 

    Thus the difficulties which arise in the way of unanimity have their simple and sufficient solution, and afford no ground for the body departing from the law of entire submission to the head and unbroken co-operation of the several members with each other. 

    For a church to depart from this rule and to act according to the desire of a majority only of the believers in its membership, is as if the affairs and actions of a man's body should be decided upon by the impulses of a certain number of the members thereof, which is a practical denial of the truth that the head alone has the right to and can control, and, moreover, is a sure means of producing confusion and not co-operation, for what would be the case with my body if it moved in a certain direction and attempted to work with no surer means of knowing the will of my head than the fact that two legs and feel, one arm and hand and one eye, being a majority of my active members, manifested certain impulses, as opposed to the other eye and the remaining hand and arm, a minority of my working members ? 

    The violence done to this striking analogy of the body and the church, is to me a sure proof that voting by majorities is not a divinely instituted or scripturally sanctioned practice, however convenient and sufficient it may appear in worldly societies.
  5. The last remarks lead on to the consideration of the fact that by the failure to act in complete unity the church ceases to give one of the most effective forms of testimony to the world that is possible. 

    In John 17:20-21, the Lord Jesus, in speaking to the Father, says, "Neither for these only do I pray, but for them also who shall believe on Me through their word ; that they may all be one even as Thou, Father, art in Me, and I in Thee, that they also may be one in us : that the world may believe that Thou didst send Me. And the glory which Thou has given Me I have given unto them ; that they may be one even as we are one ; I in them and Thou in Me, that they may be perfected into one ; that the world may know that Thou didst send Me, and lovedst them, even as Thou lovedst Me." 

    Without attempting an exhaustive exposition of this passage, it is sufficient for us to notice three things :--

    (a) The Lord's desire for all His people to be perfected into one ; 

    (b) The pattern of that oneness to be the oneness of the Father and the Son ; 

    (c) The object of this oneness to be the testimony thereby given to the world.

    With regard to (a) the prayer of our Lord was in effect that the Holy Spirit might be sent into every one who should believe on His name, so that by the Spirit of God indwelling each of us we might all be united into one in God ; so that (b), the pattern of our unity should be the oneness of the Father and the Son, who are one in the communion of the third Person of the Godhead, the ever-blessed Spirit. But, as bearing on our subject, it is to be specially observed that the Father, the Son and the Spirit are not only one in Person, but also in action ; in all their doings there is the most perfect harmonious unity : and it would be sheer blasphemy, in fact it would logically involve the most absolute atheism, to suppose the doings of the Godhead to be regulated by the decision of any two of the Person thereof, the one Person being either opposed to the view of the two, or merely submitting to being outvoted. 

    But this being the case with the three Persons of the Deity, and it being utterly incompatible with the oneness of the Father and the Son in the unity of the Holy Spirit, how can it be any more in order on the part of those who, being indwelt by the same Spirit, are to be so united in life and action as to conform to the pattern of the oneness of God, even as our Lord prayed "that they may be one even as we are one"? 

    As to our last point (c) it is to be observed that believers are to manifest a corporate union publicly, for the world is to see it. The object the Lord desires to attain is that the world may know and believe that He was sent by the Father, and that the believer is a sharer in the love of the Father to the Son. Why He chose this method I shall hope to next show, but for the moment what I strenuously urge is that the deliberate departing from oneness of action by adopting the practice of majority voting is undeniably not even attempting to attain such united working as is set forth in these words of the Lord Jesus, and cannot, therefore, result in that testimony which He taught oneness alone could give. 

    I submit it as an invariably true principle for the guidance of the children of God, that any course of action which tends to, if it does not wholly accomplish, the marring, if it be but partially, of their testimony before the world, is not a line of conduct which is of the Father but the rather of the world.
  6. Out of the foregoing there arises and objection in dealing with which we may discuss how it is possible for unity of judgment and action to be attained. 

    Not but what in divine things the question of "How?" is of comparatively small importance. It is for us to at least endeavour to obey the revealed will of the Lord, and to seek after unanimity ; and we may leave to our God the question of how it is possible for Him to bring to one mind many persons of different types of character, of different habits of thought, having varying ways of looking at the same subject and sometimes opposite ways of doing the same thing. 

    I freely concede the point that humanly speaking unanimity is not possible. To bring together scores, and perhaps hundreds, of mere men and women and expect them to come to one unanimous decision upon questions of frequently a perplexing and delicate nature is to look for more than fallen human nature is capable of. Because each human spirit is a separate individuality possessed of the power and tendency of acting independently of every other being, therefore it si true, "many men, many minds." 

    But, as we have seen, the glorious and all-important fact concerning the children of God is that in place of being any longer entirely dissevered spiritually from every other creature, we are all indewelt by one and the same Spirit, the Spirit of Christ ; and when this fact is clearly recognised and acted upon, the humanly impossible is seen to be divinely possible. The human body is composed of many various substances, and the several members--hands, ears, eyes, &c.--vary vastly in form and use, and yet these manifest differences do not hinder the whole body working together, because each part is under the personal influence of the one spirit inhabiting the body. So it is true the members of the body of Christ differ greatly, but because we are every one indwelt by the one Spirit, the co-operation of all members is possible, and should be sought after. It may be that with this, as with other Christlike graces, full and eternal harmony will only be attained when the last trace of the rebellious carnal spirit shall have been removed at the coming of the Lord ; but, on the other hand, with this, as with other fruit of the Spirit, we should aim at perfection and "gien diligence to keep the unity of the Spirit" (Eph. 4:3= ; and then a unanimity can be reached which will astonish us, just as time back should have been astonished had we been told that love, joy and peace could be ours to the degree they now are through the Spirit. 

    Here I state why I believe the Lord chose this oneness of mind and working as His testimony to the world. It was that throught the fact of His people acting upon a principle and in a manner that the world has never found continuously possible, it might be made apparent that a divine power was at work amongst them, that the Spirit of God, not the spirit of the world, controlled them all. And, therefore, it is that I say the testimony is utterly ruined by the plan of a majority vote settling a question, for this is the very method which worldly men uniformly adopt as the only practicable plan known to them ; and I doubt not it was from them that this, like numerous other evil practices, was borrowed and adopted by the Church, in days when, by the toleration of evil doctrine and doing, she had so grieved the Holy Spirit as to forfeit His unifying and directing help. 

    But to take up the leading thought of this sixth section of my argument, and definitely state the objection I have before me, I suggest that, seeing it is one of the functions and rights of the Spirit to control the whole body, for us as a Church to arbitrarily say He shall express His will through a section only of the members of the body here present, is to assume the office of dictating to Him whom it is our duty and wisdom to obey, and to thus prevent Him from fully doing that which He would graciously do for our blessing, namely, lead to unanimity ; and also to forfeit that certainty of knowing what is His will which an undivided judgment alone can give ; for while it is certain what is the desire of my spirit if my whole body works to the one end, it would be by no means so certain were some only of my members to seek that end, and the rest to oppose.
  7. Seventhly, it is to be noted that the whole burden of Scripture testimony is on the side of unanimity. This is the more clearly seen by observing two very remarkable lines of thought--first, that unanimity is in the Word of God associated with spiritual prosperity ; and, on the other hand, a divided judgment with lack of spirituality. 

    For instance, Israel in the widerness were in a state of unbelief at the time the spies went up to search out the land, and ten of the twelve selected men reflected the condition of the people, dissuading the nation from going forward, and the two only, Joshua and Caleb, persuading them to do so. A very striking instance of the minority having the mind of the Lord, but of their being hopelessly outvoted ; and by acting on the view of the majority the whole people made a fatal error. 

    Again, how sad was the state of the kingdom while some of the people followed Saul, and a smaller company helped David ; but how significant the statement, (1 Chr. 12:40 and 38) that "there was joy in Israel" when "all Israel were of one heart to make David king." Once more, what a time of spiritual prosperity was inaugurated when David proposed to once again seek the Lord and worship before the ark of the Lorde ; "and all the assembly said they would do so, for the thing was right in the eyes of all the people." (1 Chr. 13:1-4) 

    On the other hand, how miserable was the condition of affairs when most of the people worshipped Baal, while 7,000 followed Jehovah (1 Kings 19:20) ; but what a revival of godiliness in Judah is indicated by the words, connected with the proposal to return to the keeping of the passover feast, "the thing was right in the eyes of the king and of all the congregation," (2 Chron. 30:4). 

    Yet again, what a startling contrast is seen between the rapidly increasing prosperity of the people during the undivided allegiance of the twelve tribes to David and Solomon, as compared with the surely downward course after the division under Rehoboam. 

    And how terrible was the condition of Israel when it could be written (1 Kings 16:21) "Then were the people of Israel divided into two parts ; half of the people followed Tibni, the son of Ginath, to make him king : and half followed Omri. But the people that followed Omri prevailed against the people that followed Tibni" : as compared with the comparative proseperity of Judah and Benjamin in their unbroken submission to the rule of the godly Asa. 

    I am aware that it may be said that these examples from the Old Testament have no very direct bearing upon the government of a Christian Church ; but they were "written for our admonition," and the remarkable frequency with which unanimity and prosperity are connected in these and similar instances, gives an exphatic Scriptural testimony in favour of undivided action by the people of God ; and the lesson is yet more impressive when it is seen that the New Testament follows upon the same side, and sets before us under the new covenant, the same precept and example as was set before the earthly people of God. 

    Take, for example, such exhortations as these-- 

    Rom. 15:5, 6 : "Now the God of patience and of comfort grant you to be of the same mind one with another according to Christ Jesus : that with one accord ye may with one mouth glorify the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ." 

    1 Cor. 1:10 : "Now I beseech you, brethren, through the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that ye all speak the same thing, and that there be no divisions among you ; but that ye be perfected together in the same mind, and in the same judgment.

    2 Cor. 13:11 : "Be perfected, be comforted, be of the same mind ; live in peace ; and the God of love and peace shall be with you." 

    Galatians : The direct object of this epistle was to bring the Church to oneness of mind upon the question discussed ; to exhort them to all walk by the Spirit, and thus to avoid the "strife, factions and divisions," spoken of as being of the flesh, (ch. 5:20). 

    Ephesians 4:3 : "Giving diligence to keep the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace." The "unity of the Spirit," is that unity which is manifested by the Spirit through united action on the part of the body ; and therefore in this passage the apostle at once proceeds to a revelation of the inter-working of the whole body in perfect harmony. See verses 3 to 16. 

    Philippians 1:27 : "Only let your manner of life be worthy of the gospel of Christ ; that, whether I come and see you or be absent, I may hear of your state, that ye stand fast in one spirit, with one soul striving for the faith of the gospel." 

    Philippians 2:2 : "Fulfil ye my joy, that ye be of the same mind, having the same love, being of one accord, of one mind ; doing nothing through faction or through vain glory." 

    Philippians 4:2 : "I exhort Euodia, and I exhort Syntyche, to be of the same mind in the Lord." 

    Colossians 3:17 : When this Church met together to discuss the work of the Lord they were met with this injunction, "Whatsoever ye do in word or deed do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him." Now, if a matter had been decided by a majority only, the members of the minority could not have given thanks for the doing of that which they had urged should not be done ; therefore the plan of so deciding a matter forces some to take part in doing things for which they cannot give thanks, and which they cannot do in the name of the Lord Jesus. Can a method which forces unscriptural conduct upon some members, be itself Scriptural? The only alternative is that they continue to show their objections by refraining from the work to which they objected. Can this be considered a Scriputral course in the face of the above quoted exhortation in Phil. 1:27, "with one soul striving"? 

    1 Thessalonians 5:13 : "Be at peace among yourselves." In section 2 I have sought to show that dissension is one of the probable and, indeed, frequent results of the plan. 

    2 Thessalonians 3:16 : "Now the Lord of peace Himself give you peace at all times in all ways," which must include business meetings. 

    1 Timothy 6:3, 4 ; 2 Timothy 2:23 ; Titus 3:9 : In the first passage certain men, and in the second and third certain questions are condemned, and the avoidance thereof exhorted, because they "gender strifes ;" that is, not that every time a foolish question is discussed it leads to strife, but that there is a general tendency in such discussion to provoke dissension. So it does not require, before the method stands condemned, that every time a matter is decided by a majority vote it should provoke strife. It is sufficient if it has a tendency that way ; if it is not surprising that strife results. 

    James 1:5 : "If any of you lacketh wisdom, let him ask of God, who giveth to all liberally, and upbraideth not ; and it shall be given him." When a church meets together and some thinnk one course the best, and some another, it is evident one, or both, of the parties has not the wisdom of God in the matter. This Scripture indicates what should then be done. Not the opinion of the majority to be acted upon, for they may be wrong in their judgment ; and for the same reason, not that of the minority : but let all wait on God for wisdom, and it shall be given -- in God's time -- to those who ask in faith.

    Thus saith the Scriputre ; and in addition to these passages, exhorting to "peace," to "oneness of mind," to "all speaking the same thing," to being "perfected together in the same mind and in the same judgment," we have the already commented upon words of the Lord Jesus, from John 17, and the Scriptural analogy of the body ; and also the example of a church transacting affairs in its corporate capacity recorded in Acts 15, which we shall now proceed to consider.
  8. As if the Lord foresaw that the precepts and whole tenour of His Word would not be sufficient to preserve His people from adopting almost universally the practice of the world in the matter now in question, He caused to be given a very full narration of the discussion of an important and intricate question by the church at Jerusalem, including the apostles, to whom was specially committed the knowledge of His will, and who were undoubtedly those most likely to know what method was most accordant with the mind of the Spirit. This record is found in the 15th chapter of the Acts. When closely studied the story gives not only the decision upon the question actually discussed, but also the principles by which the judgments of believers were influenced, and, further, that which directly bears on our subject, the order of discussion. 

    Before the reader goes further I would earnestly ask that the chapter be carefully read, and then the following remarks may be the better considered. 

    To the Gentile church at Antioch there had come from Judea certain men who taught the brethren that, as circumcision had from the time of Abraham been the sign of a person belonging to the visible company of the people of God, they could not be saved unless they were circumcised. Paul and Barnabas dissented from this teaching, and in order to the obtaining of the opinion of the apostles and the mother church, the brethren at Antioch deputed Paul and others to proceed to Jerusalem and there discuss the question ; and, we read, "when they were come to Jerusalem, they were received of the church and the apostles and the elders." 

    The order in which the matter proceeded is then shown as being -- 

    1. "They rehearsed all that God had done with them," evidently including in their remarks a statement of their having refrained from teaching Gentile believers that they must be circumcised, and also laying before the church the facts concerning the discussion that had gone on at Antioch. That they did this is clear from verse 24, where the apostles display a knowledge of what had transpired at Antioch, which things they evidently learned n the information of Paul and Barnabas. 

      This the matter was laid before the church, and the proposal to enforce circumcision thrown open for discussion ; whereupon we find, 

    2. Certain of the Pharisees, not having been yet divested of their sectarian spirit, rose and urged that is was needful that Gentile Christians should be circumcised and enjoined to keep the law of Moses. This imposing of the ceremonial Judaic law upon Gentils had not been the practice of the early church, as may be seen by the recorded teaching of the apostles and their speeches on this occasion ; but the addresses of these Pharisees made it clear, 

    3. That there was existing a division of judgment upon the question. Now, had their method been the more modern plan that we are discussing, it would have been recorded that they ascertained on which side of the question there was a majority of members, and so settled the matter. But, as opposed to this, we learn that when this divergence of view is manifested, 

    4. The meeting is adjourned, and a fresh gathering of apostiles, elders (v. 6), and the whole multitutde of the disciples (v. 12), constituting the "whole church," (v. 22), is called together to consider the matter. 

    5. Then we learn that upon the subject being again brought forward, there was "much disputing" (v. 7), showing that those wide and opposed differences of opinion which now manifest themselves were seen then also. Here again I remark that had the apostolic method of reaching a decision been the present one, we should expect to find a record to that effect ; but, on the contrary, the disputing and speech-making uninterruptedly continued,--Peter, Barnabas, Paul and James all freely expressing their thoughts, until we find the significant record (v. 22), 

    6. "Then it seemed good to the apostles and elders with the whole church," to do certain things. This is the essence of the whole question--nothing done until all differences have disappeared in unanimity ; then action taken. So that, with the approval of the whole church, it could be written to the brethren at Antioch, "it seemed good to us, having come to one accord," (v. 25). And it is of the most momentous imortance that we should notice that the church thus "being of one accord," (Phil. 2:2), and having learned to "all speak the same thing," so that there were "no divisions among them" but that they were "perfected together in the same mind and in the same judgment," (I Cor. 1:10), they are then able to calmly and confidently claim the authority of the Lord Himself for their decision, and say, (v. 28), "it seemed good to the Holy Spirit and to us."

    Thus would our divine Lord impressively set before His people the method to be followed by the church when considering matters in a corporate capacity, and teach us that when, by patiently waiting before Him and focussing upon the particular subject in hand the light He has given, the church comes to oneness of mind in their decision, we can then claim His approval of and authority for that which we do. 

    This teaching is the underlying basis of the seemingly difficult passage, Mat. 18:15-18. There the Lord says that if my brother sin against me, and I cannot by personal influence lead him to repentance, and thus bury the matter, I am then to take one or two more brethren and see him with them. It is evident that these brethren would not agree to help me unless they are convinced that I am in the right and my brother is the offender ; so that there is thus found a consensus of opinion on the subject. But if the sinning brother will not listen to these further remonstrances, I am then to narrate the circumstances to the church. Once more, it is evident that the church will not side with me unless I am in the right ; but if they--the church, not a section thereof, but "the church," implying the whole church, just as when we speak of "a city," we mean the whole city--agree with my view of the case, we have the fact that a body of those indwelt by the Holy Spirit, and so having the mind of Christ, are of one judgment in the matter ; and that if the offending brother will not hear and submit to the church, he must be dealt with and treated as a Gentile and a publican, that is, he must be put out of church fellowship. When the church thus unanimously deals with a case, the Lord assures us that we may be certain of doing the right thing, and that "what things soever we shall so bind on earth shall be bound in heaven," for the simple reason that it is the will of our Lord in heaven, that, through the Spirit, we have done on earth. 

    So, again, Paul having instructed the Corinthian church to this deal with a wicked person (I Cor. 5), upon learning that the discipline had produced in him the desired repentance, instructs them (II Cor. 2) to now forgive and receive back the offender and restore him to the joy of the fellowship of saints ; and having invoked the name of the Lord Jesus for the former measure, he now claims the authority of the Lord for the latter course ; and thus the one who had been "bound" over to Satan as an evil-doer for the destruction of the flesh, is now, upon repentance, "loosed" by the Church from the sentence, that no advantage may be gained by Satan. 

    This, in this practical matter also the Lord indicates His willingness to recognise the decision of a church, if that decision be unanimous ; nor is there one single precept or example in His Word to indicate or even appear to sanction the thought that He allows the authority of those of His name to be attached to the will of a section only of those of His people who have to decide a question. They may, and sometimes do, by that means decide according to His will ; but they have no Scriptural right to claim His authority and profess to act in His name ; such authority being clearly given to the company of His people, and to them only, who act unanimously. 

    Against the application of Acts 15 to the matter in question it has been urged that the plan there shown is doubtless advisable and possible in matters of such great importance as the one then discussed, but that it is neither needful nor likely that unanimity should be or can be reached in details say connected with the construction or fitting up of a hall or schoolroom, most of the church being unacquainted with such matters. But surely this is a very irrational objection, for if the Lord has undertaken to produce oneness of mind upon important and intricate questions, why should there be any difficulty in His doing so upon questions comparatively simple and unimportant? And as to the necessity of these latter things being brought within the rule, I would ask is it not often over absurdly trifling matters that personal differences most frequently arise? and ought not these things therefore to be dealt with in the way most likely to produce and preseerve peace? 

    Beloved brethren, these numerous passages are written, and this clear example is given, for our guidance, and it is for us to conform our practice to the Scriptural pattern, nor is there the least suggestion in the Word of God that any other than this procedure was followed, whatever the question to be decided by the church might be. 

  9. It now only remains for me to offer some concluding and confirmatory remarks. 

    I am asked -- Do you really believe this plan possible? My reply is that in divine things the question is both irrelevant and irreverent. For the believer in Almighty God there is but one question -- not, Is it possible? but, Is it Scriptural? not, Can it be done? but, Does God, in His holy Word, bid us do it? 

    I have endeavoured to show clearly and definitely settle the latter question, and, I say, It is Scriptural! Then it is also possible. It was impossible humanly for the man with the withered arm to stretch it forth. He would have done so long since had he been able. But when the Lord bade him do the impossible, it was at once done ; for the question of power rested with Him who gave the command. Thus it is with this question, and all other His commandments.

    Moreover, I would point out that the Apostles uniformly insisted that they were men of like passions with others, (Acts 10:26, 14:15). The believers, also, who gathered at that pattern church meeting had very deeply rooted prejudices, very stubborn human wills, yea, all those infirmities of mind and spirit which some fear must render this plan of church government inoperative in our days. But the thing was not impossible the, and, therefore, is not now on this account. 

    Yet, again, as I informed you, there is in this very city of Bristol a church numbering many hundreds of members, the affairs of which, since its founding on August 13th, 1832, by the late George Muller and Henry Craik, have been constantly settled in this way. Further there is the China Inland Mission, the Councils of which deal with the evangelising of the vast country of China ; involving the support and control of nearly 750 missionaries and large numbers of native teachers, and the securing and disbursing of many thousands of pounds annually ; involving the also the solving of problems far more intricate than nay that usually come before home churches ; involving further the central governing not of one but of scores of scattered churches in that immense empire ; and yet the Secretary writes me that since the foundiing of the Mission in 1865 the affairs of its great work have been conducted on the plan proposed by Scripture. 

    Thus, dealing with these two cases only we have, in the aggregate, 103 years of modern and satisfactory experience of the method ; simply proving, as might be safely expected, that in the "keeping of His commandments there is great reward," (Psalm 119:11). 

    What reward? it will perhaps be asked. Is there not great risk of matters needful to be decided proplptly being delayed, to the injury of the work? Let the Secretary of the China Inland Mission answer, and confirm my remarks under section 1, page 5. I asked him, -- Has any matter which it would have been for the good of the Lord's work to have had decided propmtly, been delayed to the prejudice of the work by the waiting for unanimity? He replied -- No, decidedly not. Whenever there has been delay, it has always proved to have been a wise step, and the necessary guidance has come later on. 

    I asked also -- Has the experience of this plan shown any distinct advantages accruing therefrom? The reply is -- Yes, after-experience has proved that by this method mistakes have been avoided which might otherwise have been made. 

    And I am further informed that no inconveniences have been found to arise from the plan. 

    Is it not a great gain to avoid mistakes? Does not this method wholly cast us upon the Lord, and so, by our dependence, glorify Him? Do we not thus corporately "acknowledge Him in all our ways"? and should we not so secure the fulfilment of the accompanying promise "He shall direct they paths"? (Prov. 3: 5, 6). 

    I am persuaded that by attnetion to three things all difficult in this matter may be removed, and unanimity always attained, when the Lord deems it desirable. 

    1. The most diligent and careful enquiry in ascertaining that candidates for church fellowship are (a) scripturally converted to God through faith in our Lord Jesus Christ, so as to be indewelt by the Holy Spirit, Whose working it is produces unanimity ; and (b) that there is every reason to suppose from their past life and present conduct that they are really desirous of knowing and doing the will of God. 

    2. The sedulous cultivation of personall communion with God the Father, through our Lord Jesus Christ, in the power of the Holy Spirit ; by regular meditation upon the Scriptures, so that we may advance in the knowledge of His will ; and by habitual prayer, wherein we bring all our doing and thinking beneath His inspection, and have discrepancies and evils shown us ; and whereby we receive grace to do those things which are pleasing to Him. 

    3. The due and loving exercise of discipline against any on whose conduct the Word of God commands discipline.

So our corporate life would be lived benath the eye and under the control of God ; and the Spirit of the Lord would obtain continually increasing power over us, working in us to will and do of God's good pleasure ; so that we should be one in action in and through the Spirit, even as the Father and the Son are One in the communion of the Spirit, and thus would our Lord's desire and prayer be fulfilled more and more perfectly ; so would the harmony and love of our church life be secured and promoted ; and so should our joint testimony beofre the world be unceasing and effective, to the honour and praise of Him to whom belongs the glory for ever and ever. 

For reference sake I subjoin the terms of the motion now under our considration. 

That the God of all grace may give us grace to do His will for ever is the prayer of
Your fellow servant of Jesus Christ,
G. H. LANG

Globe House, Old KIng Street,
Bristol, August 1900.

PROPOSED MOTION




"It is unanimously Resolved that in future no proposal shall be deemed to be carried or be recorded as a resolution until the church unanimously consents to the same at a duly convened church meeting ; it being understood that the absence of any objection to a proposed motion may be taken to signify its acceptance."